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Every Muslim is ordered to make ablution before performing prayer.
Without ablution ,prayer is invalid and unaccepted by Allah (to him belongs
all Dignity and Glory).
In the holy Quran Allah says:
(O you who believe! When you intended to offer prayer, wash your face and your arms up to the elbows, rub your heads , and wash your feet up to the ankles . If you are in a state of janaba {=grave impurity i.e. one's state after having sexual intercourse or a wet dream}, bath your whole body.)[Holy Quran :5:7]
With the revelation of this important verse , no prayer could be performed without ablution .
If using the water is impossible , or difficult you can perform tayammom, (as it will explain later)

How to Make Ablution

1. Have the heart intention for performing ablution. Don't pronounce the intention . The prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)used not to utter words expressing his intention for ablution.
2. Say: (Bismillah).this means In the Name of Allah.
3. Wash your hands and wrists three times , inter-rubbing between the fingers of both hands .
4. Take a palm-ful of water in your right hand . Put the water in your mouth and rinse your mouth . Do this three times.
5.Take water in your right hand . Sniff up water through your nostril , then, blow it out . Do this three times.
6. Wash your face three times with both hands .make sure that the water has reached all the parts of your face from the forehead to the chin , and from one ear lobule to the other .
7.Wash your right hand, arm, and elbow, three times.
8.Wash your left hand , arm, and elbow, three times.
9.Wet your hands , then rub over your head and them ,starting from front to back , and then from back to front . Do this once only.
10. Wipe the inner side of your ears with your for-finger, and their outer side with your thumbs.
11. Wash your right foot up to the ankle three times.
12. Then wash your left foot up to the ankle three times.

At this stage, the ablution is completed, and now , you are ready to perform prayers.

You are not obligated to wash your organs three times. You can wash them once or twice ,but its preferable to wash them three times.
You are advised to recite the following supplication after finalizing of ablution:
( Ash-hado alla ilaha illallah, wa Ash-hado anna Muhammad Abdoho wa rasoolah. Allahomma ijalni minattawwabeen, wajalni minal- mottatahhireen.)
This means :
(I bear witness that there is no God, but Allah ,He is one, He has no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is his servant and His Messenger . O, Allah , make me of those who repent for their sins, and of those who keep themselves pure.)
You can perform more than one prayer with one ablution . you don't need to renew ablution unless it is invalidated by happening of any of the following:
1. Natural passage ;i.e. urine ,stool , gas.......etc.
2. Falling asleep.
3. Losing sense ;i.e. becoming unconsciousness for any reason such as sickness , drunkenness or by taking drugs.

Sand-Ablution(tayammom)

If you do not have water or you cannot use it because you are ill and using water will or may harm you, you are allowed to make Tayammom as a substitute for ablution. In the Holy Quran Allah says:
(�If you are ill or on a journey, or one of you comes from the offices of nature , or you have been in contact with a woman (i.e. a sexual intercourse) and you find no water , then take for yourselves clean earth and rub there with your faces and hands . Allah does not wish to place you in difficulty , but he wants to purify you and to complete His favor upon you that you may be thankful. ) [Holy Quran 5:7]

1. Have the intention within your heart of performing Tayammom.
2. Strike both hands on a pure earth or sand .
3. Shake both hands off the clinking dust by striking them against each other , and wipe your face with them once , then wipe the right hand with the left hand , and then the left hand with the right one.
At this stage Tayammom is completed, and now you are ready to perform
prayer.
You can perform more than one prayer with one Tayammom.
Tayammom is invalidated by finding water and by happening of any of
the following:
1.Natural discharge.
2.Falling asleep.
3.losing sense.

Tayammom shows one of the facilities of Islam.

Rubbing over socks or boot:
It is permissible for a Muslim to perform ablution , then to put on his socks or ankle-lengthed boots with having to take either 24 hours if in place of residence , or 3 days when traveling. It is enough to just rub over them when renewing ablution within the following time mentioned.
Total Ablution(Ghosl)
One should bathe in case of being in the state of major impurity (i.e. having sexual intercourse , wet dream or-with women- finishing menstruation or having finished child birth period).

Performing prayer is the second pillar of Islam. Our prophet Muhammad , (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him ) said:
Islam is built upon five pillars i.e. : Bearing witness that there's no God but Allah , and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah , performing the prayer,
Giving poor-due, fasting (the month of ) Ramadan , and making pilgrimage to the Sacred House by those who can afford the journey thereto, and physically fit.
A Muslim is ordered to perform five obligatory prayers every day .
these prayers are:
A) Early morning prayer (Al Fajr prayer).
It consists of two units of prayer (two raka'at ).Its time begins at the true dawn (about one hour and half before sunrise) and extends until the sun rises.
B) The noon prayer (Al Dohr prayer):
It consists of four units of prayer. Its time begins a little after the sun has
passed the meridian and extends until the beginning of the time of the
afternoon prayer.
C) The afternoon prayer (Al Asr prayer):
It consists of four units of prayer. its time enjoined when the shadow of
an object is equal to its own length plus the length plus the length of its
noon time shadow, and extended until the sun turns yellow . In necessity,
it lasts until the sunset.
D) The Sunset prayer (Al Maghrib prayer):
It consists of three units of prayer. its time begin soon after the sunset
and lasts until the disappearance of the twilight.
E) The night prayer (Al Isha prayer):
It consists of four units of prayer. Its time begin soon after the
disappearance of the twilight ,and lasts until midnight.
A Muslims must perform each prayer in its due time . In the Holy Qur'an Allah says:
(Verily the prayer at fixed time is enjoined on believers ) [5:30]
If a Muslim delay one of the prayers until its time ends, he will commit a grievous and punishable sin if there is no reasonable excuse. He should repent to Allah and ask for forgiveness. He also should refrain from recommitting it.

Allah threatens those who delay their prayers from their fixed times.
He states:
(So Woe unto those worshippers who delay their prayer from its stated
fixed time.) [107:4-5]

Any one who does not perform prayer is not A Muslim . Our prophet , Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) clarifies : (There is nothing between man and Polytheism and Blasphemy but abandoning prayers). He also says (The obligation which distinguishes between us and unbelievers is prayers ,therefore whosoever desists prayers becomes
An unbeliever .)

1. Perform the ablution to cleanse your body. Your clothes and the place you want to pray in should be clean as well.
2. Turn your face towards The Holly Kaaba at Makkah, intending by heart to perform the prayer you want to fulfill. You don't need to pronounce the intention .
3. Raise your hands up to the level of the shoulders saying: (Allaho Akbur) which means (Allah is the greatest).
4. Lower your hands and put your right hand over the left one , and put them both on your chest .
5. Recite the following invocation : (Sobhanak Allahomma wa-bi-hamdik, wa tabaraka-ismok, wa-taala-jadok, wa-la-illah-ghairok.)
This invocation is called : (Doaa Al Istifta) it means : (Praise and Glory be to Allah .Exalted be Your Majesty. There is no god but you.)
6. Say : (A'outho billahi minash-shaitanirrajeem).
This means : (I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan.)
Then say : (Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-Raheem), which translates: (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious ,the Most merciful.)
7. Recite the opening Surah of the Holy Qur'an which is called (Al-Fatihah).
Here it is:
(Al-hanmdo lillahi Rabbil Aalameen. Arrahmanir-Raheem. Maliki yawmiddeen. Iyyaka na'bodo wa iyyaka nastaeen . Ihdenas-siratal mostakeem. Siratal-latheena a'na'mta alaihim , ghairil maghdoobi alaihim waladdalleen). Amen
This Surah means :
(In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
All the praises and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of mankind, jinn and all that exists. The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The only Owner of the day of Recompense. You we worship ,and You we ask for help. Guide us to the Straight Way. The way of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace , not of those who earned Your Anger ,nor of those who went astray.)
(The Holy Qur'an , Al-Fatihah)

8. You are advised to recite some verses from the Holy Qur'an , or to recite
a complete Surah (if possible). Here are some short Surahs:
A) (Qol howallaho ahad. Allahos-Samad. Lam yalid walam yoolad. Walam yakon lahoo kofowan ahad.) �.this surah means:
( Say he is Allah the One and only . The self Existing and besought of All. He begets not nor is he begotten .And there is none like unto him.)

B) (Inna aatainakal Kawthar . Fasalli lirabbika wanhar. Inna shanniaka howal abtar.)�.this surah means:
( Surly we have bestowed upon you (Muhammad) the abundance of
every kind of good (one of which is River of Al-Kawthar in the
hereafter.)So ,pray to your Lord and offer him sacrifice . it is your
enemy whose line will be cut off).
9.Then raising your hands up to the level of your shoulders and saying
(Allaho Akbur) ,bend down your trunk making your head and back on
one level , and putting your hands with the fingers spread on your knees.
10. Say : (Sobhana Rabbiyal Adeem .) which means:
( Glorified is my lord . The Great ) you should say it three times .
11.Raise your head up from bowing , raising your hands up to the level of
your shoulders and say: (Sami-Allaho liman hamadah)
which means ( Allah hears who praises Him.)
12.Say : (rabbana walakal hamd) which means:
(Our Lord praise be for you).
13.Prostrate saying : (Allaho Akbur).
In prostration , the following organ should touch the ground : the forehead , the nose , both hands, both knees , and the internal parts of toes.
14.Say the following while prostrating : (Sobhana Rabbiyal Aala). It means
(Glorified is my Lord , the Exalted.) You should say it three times.
15.Raise your head saying : (Allaho Akbur ). Seat yourself on your left
foot and straighten up right foot in a vertical position . Put your hands on
your thighs and knees.
16. Say : (Rabbighfir lee, warhamny, wahdinee, warzoknee, waafinee,
wajborny. ) this means:
( O my Lord , forgive me , have mercy on me , guide me, provide me,
with Your blessing, heal me and consol me.)
You can suffice with (Rabbighfir lee) which means ( O my Lord forgive
me).
17.Prostrate again saying : ( Allaho Akbur). Repeat during this prostration
the same as in the first prostration .
18.Stand up saying : (Allaho Akbur) . recite the (Fatihah) and some other
verses of the Holy Qur'an, and do as you did in the first unit of prayer
(Rakah).
19.If the prayer consist of two units ( as the morning prayer) sit after the
second prostration and recite the (Tashahhod). Here it is:
(Attahiyato lillahi wassalawato wattayibat. Assalamo alaika
ayyahannabiyo warahmatol alhi wabarakatoh. Assalamo alaina wa ala
ibadillahissaliheen. Ash-hado alla ilaha illallaho , wa ash-hado anna
Muhammad abdoho wa rasooloh.
Allahomma salli ala Muhammad , wa ala aali Muhammad , kama
Sallaita al Ibraheem wa ala aali Ibraheem, innaka Hameedon Majeed.
Wabarik ala Muhammad wa ala aali Muhammad, kama barakta ala
Ibraheem wa ala aal Ibraheem , innaka Hameedon Majeed.)

The meaning of this (Tashahhod )is:
(Greetings, prayers and the good things of life belong to Allah . Peace ,
mercy and blessing of Allah be upon you O prophet . Peace be upon us
and upon the devout slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is no
god but Allah , and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and
Messenger .
O lord , bless Muhammad and his family as You blessed Abraham
and his family. You are The Most praised ,The Most Glorious.
Bestow your Grace on Muhammad and his family as You bestowed
Abraham and his family. You are The Most praised ,The Most Glorious.)

After reciting the (Tashahhod), you should ask Allah's protection
From torment of Hell , torment of the grave, the trials in life-time and
after death , and from the imposter Anti-Christ, and also to ask Allah
for whatever you wish in this life and the life to come.

20.Turn your face to the right saying : (Assalamo alaikom wa rahmatollah),
and then turn it to the left saying : (Assalamo alaikom wa rahmatollah.)
This salutation end the prayer , and it means : (Peace and Mercy
Of Allah be on you).
21. If the prayer consist of three units of prayer (three rakaat) as that of
Sunset prayer ( Maghrib prayer), stand up after reciting the Tashahhod
saying: (Allaho Akbur), and raising your hands up to the level of your
shoulders. Put your right hand over the left one , and put them both
on your chest.
22. Say : (Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-Raheem), then recite (Al-Fatihah)
and perform the third unit of prayer as the second one. Recite
the Tashahhod and ask Allah for whatever you wish . finish your prayer
by turning your face to the right , then to the left while saying :
(Assalamo alaikom wa rahmatollah ) as it has been explained before.
23. If the prayer consist of four units of prayer as that of the noon prayer
(Dohr prayer) , the afternoon prayer (Asr prayer) or the night prayer
(Isha prayer) ,stand up after the first Tashahhod, and perform two units
of prayers as the first two ones. Finish your prayer by the salutation whish is (Assalamo alaikom wa rahmatollah. )

When you finished your prayer , you should ask Allah's forgiveness saying three times ( Astaghfirollah).
Then say (Allahoma antas-Salamo wa minkassalam. Tabarakta ya Jhal jalali wal Ikram.) . This means:
( O Allah, You are the Peace and peace comes from You . Blessed be the possessor of Majesty and Reverence).
Then ask Allah-your Lord- whatever you wish in this life and the life to
Come.
Then you are advised to say the following :
1. (Sobhanallah) which means : ( Glory be to Allah.)
2. (Al hamdo Lillah) which means: (thanks be to Allah.)
3. (Allaho Akbur) which means : (Allah is the greatest)
Say each one thirty three times . then say once : (La ilaha illallaho wahdaho la shareeka laho, lahol molko walahol hamdo wahwa ala kolli shai-in qadeer.). This means :
( There's no god but Allah . He is the one . He has no partner.
He is the Dominant, and to Him alone is the praise . He has
power over all things ).

I ask Allah that everyone make use of that paper , and I ask Him the reward in the hereafter .
Praise be to Allah and peace and blessing be upon our Prophet Muhammad ,his family , his companions and upon those who follow
there guidance until the day of Judgment.